The formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is a key phenomenon that may explain the slow turnover rates of carbon in soil organic matter (SOM). Despite this, important details ...

We show that for thousands of years, humans have concentrated in a surprisingly narrow subset of Earth’s available climates, characterized by mean annual temperatures around ∼13 °C. This distribution ...

The citrullinome refers to the set of proteins in which arginine residues can be posttranslationally modified to the nonclassical amino acid citrulline by the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes ...

The Earth’s rotation has been decelerating throughout its history due to tidal dissipation, but the variation of the rate of this deceleration through time has not been established. We present a ...

Reading is crucial for academic, vocational, and health outcomes, but acquiring proficient reading skills is a protracted developmental process involving lower-level subskills and brain structures ...

Significance Deposition of histone H2A.Z at promoters in response to histone H3 acetylation is important for transcriptional regulation and is well conserved in eukaryotes. In humans, the H2A.Z ...

Fifty years ago, bacteria were identified as remarkable ice nucleators that enable water freezing close to 0 °C. Their record-holding activity is key for frost damage to crops and snow making. While ...

NIR-II/SWIR (1,000 to 3,000 nm) fluorescence imaging-guided surgical navigations in pre-clinical murine cancers have largely improved the tumor margin delineation and resection precision. Herein, we ...

We developed a strategy to identify gut bacteria functionally linked to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). To minimize confounders, we analyzed microbiota composition in a large cohort of ...

Plant rooting depth affects ecosystem resilience to environmental stress such as drought. Deep roots connect deep soil/groundwater to the atmosphere, thus influencing the hydrologic cycle and climate.

The genetic factors that influence diet breadth in herbivorous insects remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes play a key role in ...

S-palmitoylation is a lipid posttranslational modification process involved in diverse cellular events in a wide range of biological systems. It has remained unclear whether S-palmitoylation has a ...